Li**xϵͳѧϰ

1ÀúÊ·

li**x£ºli**xIsNotUnix

Unix£ºÊÇli**xµÄÇ°Éí£¬ÒòΪÊÕ·Ñ£¬Ö»ÓÐÔÚ¹«Ë¾ºÍѧУ²ÅÄÜÓõ½£¬Ò»Î»¸ßÊÖÔÚѧУÓõ½ÒÔºó¾õµÃ·Ç³£ºÃ¾ÍдÁËÒ»¸öli**x¡£

li**xºËÐÄ£º»ùÓÚÄں˵IJÙ×÷ϵͳ£¬li**xÐÖµÜֻдÄںˣ¨¹ÜÀíÓ²¼þµÄ³ÌÐò£©

li**x·¢Ðа汾£ºdebian£¬slackware£¬suse£¬ºìÆ죬turboli**x£¬redhat£¬fedora£¬mandr**e£¨ÒÀÀµÓÚÄں˵Ť¾©£¬ÔÚli**xÄÚºËÉÏдÁË**µÄÒÀÀ**ÌÐò£¬¸ù¾ÝÒÀÀ**ÌÐòÓÖдÁËÐí¶àÐí¶à¹ÜÀíÓ²¼þ¹¤¾ß

li**x°æ±¾£ºr.x.y,r:releaseversion,x:żÊý£¬Îȶ¨°æ±¾£¬ÆæÊý£¬¿ª·¢Öеİ汾£¬y£º´íÎóÐÞ²¹µÄ´ÎÊýeg£º2.0.38

2·ÖÇø£º

VFS£ºÐéÄâÎļþϵͳ£¬ËùÓÐÎļþϵͳͳһµÄ½Ó¿Ú£¬¿ÉÒÔ¸ù¾Ý½Ó¿Ú±à³Ì£¨¶à̬£©

·ÖÇø±í£ºÈçͼ£¬¼Ç¼ÁË·ÖÇøµÄÐÅÏ¢£¬Ò»°ãλÓÚ¶ÔÓ¦·ÖÇøµÄ¿ªÊ¼£¬×î¶àÖ»ÄܼǼËÄÌõ¼Ç¼£¬ËùÒÔÖ÷·ÖÇø¼ÓÀ©ÕÖÇø×î¶à²»Äܳ¬¹ýËĸö£¨Ò»°ãÓÃÀ´×°ÏµÍ³£©£¬ÏÂÃæÄÇÕűí¼Ç¼ÁËÂß¼­·ÖÇø£¨²»Í¬µÄÎļþϵͳ£©

¸ñʽ»¯£º½¨Á¢²»Í¬µÄÎļþϵͳ£¬¾ÍÊǶÔÓ¦**²»Í¬µÄ´æ´¢¹æ¸ñ¡£

windows£ºc£º£¨Ö÷·ÖÇø£©£¬d£º£¨À©ÕÖÇø/Âß¼­·ÖÇø£©£¬e£º£¨À©ÕÖÇø/Âß¼­·ÖÇø£©

li**x·ÖÇøµÄÃüÃû£ºËùÓеÄÉ豸ÔÚli**x¿´À´¶¼ÊÇÎļþ£¬·ÖΪ×Ö·ûÉ豸£¨Èç¼üÅÌ£©ºÍ¿éÉ豸£¨ÈçÓ²ÅÌ£©

--/dev/xxyN£¬/dev/£ºËùÓÐÉ豸ÎļþËùÔÚµÄĿ¼Ãû£¬xx£º·ÖÇøÃûµÄÇ°Á½¸ö×Öĸ±êÃ÷·ÖÇøËùÔÚµÄÉ豸µÄÀàÐÍ¡£Í¨³£ÊÇhd£¨IDE´ÅÅÌ£©»òsd£¨SCSI´ÅÅÌ£©¡£y£ºÕâ¸ö×Öĸ±êÃ÷·ÖÇøËùÔÚµÄÉ豸£¬´ú±íµÚ¼¸¸öÓ²ÅÌ¡£N£º´ú±í·ÖÇø£¬Ç°Ëĸö·ÖÇø£¨Ö÷·ÖÇøºÍÂß¼­·ÖÇø£©ÊÇ´Ó1µ½4£¬Âß¼­·ÖÇø´Ó5¿ªÊ¼¡£ÀýÈ磺/dev/hda3£ºµÚÒ»¸öIDEÓ²ÅÌÉϵĵÚÈý¸öÖ÷·ÖÇø»òÂß¼­·ÖÇø£¬/dev/sdb6£ºÔÚµÚ¶þ¸öSCSIÓ²ÅÌÉϵĵڶþ¸öÂß¼­·ÖÇø¡£

·ÃÎÊ·ÖÇø£ºÍ¨¹ý¹ÒÔØ£¨mount£©ÊµÏÖ£¬¹ÒÔØÊǽ«·ÖÇø¹ØÁªµ½Ä³Ò»Ä¿Â¼µÄ¹ý³Ì¡£¹ÒÔØ·ÖÇøʹÆðʼÓÚÕâ¸öÖ¸¶¨Ä¿Â¼£¨³ÆΪ¹ÒÔص㣩µÄÖü´æÄܹ»±»Ê¹Óá£È磺mount/dev/**om/mnt/**

ÖÁÉÙÁ½¸ö·ÖÇø£º/·ÖÇø£¬SWAP·ÖÇø£º°ÑÓ²Å̵±ÄÚ´æʹÓã¨ÐéÄâÄڴ棩£¬Êµ¼ÊÎïÀíÄÚ´æµÄÁ½±¶

3Ŀ¼½á¹¹£ºgoogle

4li**xÆô¶¯¹ý³Ì£¨bootsequence£©

loadbios£¨hardwareinformation£©

readMBR‘sconfigtofindouttheOS£º¸ù¾ÝMBRµÄÅäÖÃÕÒµ½Æô¶¯Äĸö²Ù×÷ϵͳ

loadthekerneloftheOS£ºÕâ¸ö²Ù×÷ϵͳÆô¶¯µÄºËÐÄÎļþ

initprocessstarts£ºinit½ø³ÌÆô¶¯

execute/etc/rc.d/sysinit:ÔËÐÐÃüÁî

startothermo**les(etc/mo**les.conf)£ºread¶Áȡϵͳ¸÷ÖÖÄ£¿é

executetherunlevelscripts:£¬Æô¶¯¼¶±ð£¬Æô¶¯µ½Äĸö²ã´Î£¬·Ö²ã½á¹¹£¬·ÖΪ6²ã£¬Ã¿²ãÖ®¼ä»¥²»Ó°Ï죬¿ÉÒÔÐ޸ģ¨/etc/inittab£©

execute/etc/rc.d/rc.local£ºÖ´Ðнű¾

execute/bin/login

shellstarted..

5li**x°ïÖú

ÃüÁî--help

manÃüÁî

6command£¨³£Óã©

ls£ºÁгöµ±Ç°Ä¿Â¼ÏµÄÎļþºÍĿ¼£¬ls-l£ºÏÔʾÏêϸÐÅÏ¢£¬ls-R£ºÊ÷×´µÝ¹éÏÔʾĿ¼ÏµÄËùÓÐÎļþºÍĿ¼ÏµÄĿ¼

tree£ºÊ÷×´ÏÔʾ

cd£º½øÈëĿ¼£¬cd..·µ»ØÉϲã·¾¶

pwd£ºµ±Ç°Â·¾¶

mkdir£º½¨Ä¿Â¼

rmdir£ºÉ¾³ý¿ÕĿ¼

rm-rf£ºµÝ¹éÇ¿ÖÆɾ³ýĿ¼»òÎļþ£¬Ç¿ÖÆɾ³ý²»Ìø³öÈ·ÈÏÐÅÏ¢

touch£º´´½¨Îļþ

cp£º¸´ÖÆ£¬cp-r£ºµÝ¹é¿½±´Ä¿Â¼

mv£ºÒƶ¯£¬¸ÄÃû

vi£ºÎı¾±à¼­Æ÷£¨¿çƽ̨£¬Ô¶³Ì£©£¬viÎļþÃû£¨´´½¨»ò±à¼­Îļþ£©

Ò»½øȥΪÃüÁîģʽ£ºÖ»ÄÜÇÃÃüÁî

a£º×·¼Ó

Çл»ÎªÃüÁîģʽ£ºesc

£ºw´æÅÌ£¬£ºqÍ˳ö

more£º²é¿´ÎļþÄÚÈÝ

cat£º²é¿´ÎļþÄÚÈÝ

tac£ºÄæÐò²é¿´ÎļþÄÚÈÝ

head£º²é¿´Îļþ£¬head-3£º²é¿´ÎļþÇ°ÈýÐÐ

tail£º²é¿´Îļþ£¬tail-3£ºÁгö×îºóÈýÐÐ

clear£ºÇåÆÁ

find£º²éÕÒÎļþÔÚʲôλÖÃÉÏ£¬find/-namemy*

grep£¨³£Óã©£ºgrep×Ö·û´®ÎļþÃû£¬²éÕÒ¶ÔÓ¦×Ö·û´®ÔÚÎı¾ÎļþµÄÄÄÒ»ÐÐ

whereis£º²é¿´ÃüÁîÊÇÓÉË­Ö´ÐеÄÒÔ¼°ÃüÁîµÄÎĵµ

echo£ºecho$PATh**:²é¿´PATh**

ln£ºÁ´½Ó£¬Á½¸öÎļþ±£³Öͬ²½£¬Óëcopy²»Í¬¡£ln-s£ºÈíÁ´½Ó£¬Ï൱ÓÚwindowsµÄ¿ì½Ý·½Ê½

useradd£ºÔö¼ÓÓû§£¬ÔÚ/homeÔö¼Ó¶ÔÓ¦Îļþ¼Ð£¬Ä¬ÈϺÍÓû§ÃûÏàͬµÄ×飬-g×éÃû

usermod£ºÐÞ¸ÄÓû§Ãû£¬-g£ºÐÞ¸Ä×éÃû

userdel£ºÉ¾³ýÓû§

suÓû§Ãû£ºÇл»Óû§

passwd£ºÖ¸¶¨Óû§ÃÜÂë

more/etc/passwd£ºËùÓеÄÓû§

more/etc/group£º×éµÄÐÅÏ¢

ls-l£ºÏÔʾÏêϸÐÅÏ¢£¨Ïê½â£©£º

µÚһλ£º·ÖΪ-£ºÎļþ£¬l£ºÁ´½Ó£¬d£ºÄ¿Â¼

µÚ¶þλµ½µÚËÄλ£ºÎļþ/Ŀ¼µÄËùÓÐÕ¬ÓµÓÐÕßµÄȨÏÞ

µÚÎåλµ½µÚÆßλ£ºÎļþ/Ŀ¼ËùÓÐÕßͬ×éµÄÆäËûÈ˵ÄȨÏÞ

µÚ°Ëλµ½µÚʮλ£ºÊ£ÏµÄÈ˵ÄȨÏÞ

chmod£ºÐÞ¸ÄȨÏÞ£¬chmodu+xÎļþÃû£ºÐ޸ĵ±Ç°Óû§µÄȨÏÞ£¬chmodg+xÎļþÃû£ºÐÞ¸Äͬ×éȨÏÞ£¬chmod777£º¸ß¼¶²Ù×÷£¬µÚÒ»¸ö7´ú±íÓû§È¨ÏÞ£¬µÚ¶þ¸ö7Ϊͬ×éȨÏÞ£¬µÚÈý¸ö7ΪʣÏÂÈËȨÏÞ£¬°Ñ7¶ÔÓ¦µÄ¶þ½øÖÆÀ´±íʾ¶ÁдִÐУ¨1ΪÓУ¬0ΪûÓУ©È磺7£º111,5£º101

chown£ºÐÞ¸ÄËùÓÐÕ¬chownËùÓÐÕßÎļþÃû

wc£ºÍ³¼ÆÖ¸¶¨Îı¾ÎļþµÄÐÐÊý£¬×ÖÊý£¬×Ö·ûÊýwordcount

col£º¹ýÂË¿ØÖÆ×Ö·û

¹ÜµÀ£º½«Ò»¸öÃüÁîµÄÊä³ö´«Ë͸øÁíÒ»¸öÃüÁ×÷ΪÁíÒ»¸öÃüÁîµÄÊäÈ룬ÃüÁî1|ÃüÁî2|ÃüÁîn

ls-Rl/etc|more

cat/etc/passwd|wc

cat/etc/passwd|greplrj

dmesg|grepeht0

manbash|col-b>bash.txt

ls-l|grep^d:Ö®ÁгöĿ¼

ls-l*|grep^-|wc-l£ºµ±Ç°Ä¿Â¼ÏÂÓжàÉÙÎļþ

wall£ºwall’ÃüÁî‘£¬½«ÃüÁîÖ´ÐеĽá¹û·¢Ë͸øÿ¸öµÇ¼µ½shellÉÏÀ´µÄÈË

ÃüÁîÌæ»»£º½«’ÃüÁî‘Ì滻ΪÃüÁî

Öض¨Ïò£º½«ÃüÁîÊä³öдÈëÎļþ£¬»ò½«Îļþ¶ÁÈ¡ÊäÈëÃüÁî

Êä³ö£ºls>cmd.txt,ls>>cmd.txt,>´ú±íÌæ»»£¬>>´ú±í×·¼Ó